Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are critical components in electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy systems. However, conventional cooling techniques for LIBs often struggle to efficiently dissipate heat during fast charging and discharging, potentially compromising performance and safety. This study investigates the thermal performance of immersion cooling applied to an Electric Vehicle (EV) battery module comprised of NMC-chemistry-based cylindrical 21700 format Lithium-ion cells. The effectiveness of immersion cooling in reducing maximum cell temperature, temperature gradient, cell-to-cell temperature differential, and pressure drop within the battery module is evaluated on a detailed 3D model of a 360-cell immersion-cooled battery module that was developed, incorporating a well-established heat generation model based on theoretical analysis and experimental data to simulate the thermal characteristics of the battery system . The effects of the different fluid properties are first assessed, resulting in higher heat transfer coefficients with lower fluid viscosity values and high specific heats. Density and thermal conductivity effects are also obtained. Subsequently, a set of different fluids are introduced into the model to obtain which one returned the best thermal performance. Results demonstrate that under transient operating conditions, such as a WLTP driving cycle, the temperature increase of the cells remains limited, resulting in minimal differences in performance between the tested fluids. However, under more demanding scenarios, such as fast charging and high C-rate, significant differences in thermal performance among the fluids emerge. These findings enhance our understanding of battery immersion cooling technology and provide novel insights for optimizing battery thermal management systems through computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

This study investigates the mechanical response of pouch and prismatic lithium-ion battery (LIB) cells under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions to enhance EV battery safety. A full suite of quasi-static tests was conducted at 0% SOC, while dynamic testing was performed on a limited set of load cases to mimic real-world crash scenarios. Additional dynamic impact testing was conducted for pouch cells at 100% SOC and varying impact speeds. A finite element model (FEA) was developed to predict cell behaviour. The findings provide key insights into how form factor, impact speed, and SOC influence battery behavior and failure mechanisms.

This update highlights advancements in Mercedes-Benz's battery portfolio and technology, including innovations in battery chemistry, design, and sustainability. Emphasis is placed on improving performance, efficiency, and lifecycle management to meet the demands of next generation electric vehicles. These developments reflect Mercedes-Benz’s commitment to cutting-edge energy solutions and the future of sustainable mobility.

Electric trucks require batteries designed to meet diverse operational needs, from long-haul journeys to urban deliveries, influenced by various factors. This talk explores how to optimise battery systems by adapting them to specific use cases, external conditions, and customer requirements. Key topics include battery sizing, energy efficiency, and thermal management, along with strategies for developing robust, durable solutions that meet the unique demands of modern trucking.

This session will cover the dynamics and latest trends of the EV market, both from the global context and by taking a deeper dive into Europe. New EU CO2 emission standards in 2025 mean it is set to be a testing year for OEMs; the talk will explore who is on track and where work is needed to avoid potential fines. We will also look to 2030 where a more significant change in emission standards will come in and discuss how the market can get there. EV cost parity and the latest regional battery trends will also be discussed.

General Motors is building an electrification powerhouse, having launched a dozen EVs into the market, ranging from the Equinox EV to the Cadillac Escalade IQ.  Now, we are pioneering next-generation battery technology and manufacturing, such as prismatic can cells with LMR, scaling production, and securing a resilient supply chain to drive down costs and compete globally.  Mr. Oury will provide an update on GM’s battery strategy, focusing on engineering the right battery for the right vehicle—aligning performance, cost, and range with customer needs.

Defining battery cell specifications for electric vehicles requires balancing performance, safety, and cost targets. This presentation examines key parameters, including energy density, cycle life, and fast-charging capabilities, alongside considerations for thermal management and manufacturability. Focus will be given to aligning cell chemistry advancements with vehicle design requirements and supply chain realities, ensuring robust specifications that enable innovation and scalability in the EV market.

The R5 Electric was launched last fall, featuring a pack architecture with big modules and mid-nickel/graphite pouch cells. Bidirectional charger allows the use of vehicle-to-grid application. This presentation will revolve on the assessment of V2G impact on cell durability.

Most BEVs today are based on platforms designed for battery-electric mobility. While battery technology matures, adding a range extender to the architecture is a viable approach for maximizing range, a concept that has recently gained rapid popularity. This presentation will discuss the challenge of integrating necessary components into limited space while ensuring compatibility with high-voltage system components. Ultimately, the altered architecture unlocks new opportunities in battery design, with the contribution focusing on system layout, chemistry selection, costs, and service life.

The Batteries Regulation aims at limiting EU sales to sufficiently sustainable batteries. For this purpose, the regulation covers the entire battery life cycle, from the extraction of raw materials over industrial production, second-life, and/or recycling to disposal. The European Commission's Joint Research Centre supports the development of the related requirements or test procedures scientifically. This presentation will focus on performance, durability, and safety requirements from a technical point of view.